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Romania

$Small country map\n© Microsoft Virtual Earth$

Capital:	Bucharest
Area size (Land only):	230340 sq. km Slightly smaller than the United Kingdom
Time zone:	Standard Time GMT +2, Summer Time GMT +3
Currency:	Lei
Area code:	(+) 40
Driving:	Right
Climate description:	Continental, cold, snowy winters and hot summers

People

Standard of living

Economy & aid

Health

Disasters, conflict & migration

Language
Romanian is the official and predominant language, but ethnic minorities typically speak their own languages, such as Hungarian and Romany.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2009	21.3 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2009)
2007	21.6 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	21.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	21.6 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	21.7 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	21.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	21.9 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	22.0 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	22.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
17.3 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2009)

Ethnic groups
Romanian 90 percent, ethnic Hungarian 7 percent; these data do not include Roma, who represent 5 to 10 percent of the population but are usually considered Romanian under the census. There are smaller German, Ukrainian and other minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Predominantly Romanian Orthodox (87 percent), with Roman Catholic (five percent) and Protestant (3.5 percent) minorities.
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	54.0 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	53.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	53.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	53.5 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	53.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	53.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	54.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	54.6 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1929 1946
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
93 (2006)
Source: UNESCO

Percentage of population under 15

2005	15.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	15.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	16.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	17.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	17.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	18.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Average life expectancy

2005	71.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	71.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	71.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	70.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	70.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	69.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	68.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	68.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	67.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	67.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	67.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	66.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	75.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	75.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	75.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	74.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	74.2 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	73.3 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2007	13 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	16 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	16 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	17 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	18 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	19 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	19 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	19 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2007	15 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2006	18 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	19 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	20 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	20 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	21 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	21 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	22 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	99 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	99 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	98 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	24 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	49 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	59	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	60	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	64	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	69	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	72	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	63	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2007	3 percent	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2009
2000-2006	3 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	3 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	No data available percent
1995-2003	No data available percent
1995-2002	No data available percent
1995-2001	6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	No data available percent

Percentage of undernourished population

2003-2005	<5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2008
2002-2004average	<2.5 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	<2.5 percent	FAO 2006
1999-2001average	No data available percent
1998-2000average	No data available percent

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	88 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	57 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	57 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	58 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	72 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	No data available percent
2002	51 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	53 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	97.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	97.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	97.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	98.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	98.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	98.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	98.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	98.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	99.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	99.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	96.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	96.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	96.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	97.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	97.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2007	201 per 1,000 people	International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2008
2006	194 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2005	202 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2004	201 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2003	198 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2002	192 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2001	187 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2000	176 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008

Cellular telephone subscribers

2007	1067 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2006	805 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2005	615 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2004	469 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2003	322 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2002	233 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2001	175 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2000	113 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008

Internet users

2007	560 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2006	522 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2005	313 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2004	207 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2003	114 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2002	100 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2001	45 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008
2000	36 per 1,000 people	ITU 2008

Transparency International corruption ranking (Scale: 1 = least corrupt, >175 = most corrupt)

2008	70 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	69 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	84 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	85 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	87 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	83 (joint)	Transparency International
2002	77 (joint)	Transparency International
2001	69 (joint)	Transparency International
2000	68	Transparency International

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

International humanitarian aid flows
Access the Financial Tracking Service, a global real-time database which records all reported humanitarian aid - including that for NGOs, the Red Cross/Crescent Movement, bilateral aid, in-kind aid and private donations - searchable by country.
Source: Financial Tracking Service, ReliefWeb

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day

1990-2005	No data available percent
1990-2004	No data available percent
1990-2002	No data available percent
1990-2001	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2006	4830 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	3830 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	2950 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	2290 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	1930 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	1750 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	1690 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country's exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2007	166.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2006	122.6 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2005	98.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2004	75.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2003	59.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2002	45.8 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2001	40.2 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009
2000	37.1 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2009

Annual GDP growth

2006	7.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	4.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	8.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	5.2 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	5.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	5.7 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	2.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2006	10.1 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	12.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	15.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	24.0 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	23.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	37.4 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	44.3 percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.3 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
24.4 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008

Physicians

2000-2004	190 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	190 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	189 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	191 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	0.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	0.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	0.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	0.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	0.1 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO

TB cases

2007	115 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2006	125 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2005	134 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2004	140 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2003	146 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2002	145 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2001	143 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009
2000	136 per 100,000 people	WHO 2009

Chronology of natural disasters
Access EM-DAT, a database of natural disasters from 1900 to the present - death tolls and numbers of affected people - searchable by country.
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium

Number of refugees originating here

2007	5306	UNHCR
2006	7234	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	11492	UNHCR
2004	5916	UNHCR
2003	8387	UNHCR
2002	8847	UNHCR
2001	6052	UNHCR
2000	7348	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2007	1757	UNHCR
2006	1658	UNHCR
2005	2056	UNHCR
2004	1627	UNHCR
2003	2011	UNHCR
2002	1857	UNHCR
2001	1805	UNHCR
2000	1685	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

	No data available

No data available

Landmine casualties per year

2004	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	0	Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997 )
Source: Landmine Monitor Report

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	2.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	2.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	2.3 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	2.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	3.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	3.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2000-2002	3.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001	3.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	3.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	3.4 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	3.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	4.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	5.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	1.9 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

AlertNet makes every effort to ensure statistics are updated from the relevant sources as soon as they are available.

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