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Chad

$Small country map\n© Microsoft Virtual Earth$

Capital:	N'Djamena
Area size:	1259200 sq. km Slightly larger than Scandinavia
Time zone:	GMT +1
Currency:	CFA Franc
Area code:	(+) 235
Driving:	Right
Climate description:	Practically rainless and hot throughout the year in the north because of the Sahara Desert, rainy season May-September in the south.

People

Standard of living

Economy & aid

Health

Disasters, conflict & migration

Language
The country's official languages are French and Arabic. More than 100 local languages are also spoken.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide

Population

2007	10.4 million	U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006)
2006	10.3 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2005	10.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2004	9.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2003	9.5 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2002	9.1 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2001	8.8 million	U.N. DESA (2006)
2000	8.5 million	U.N. DESA (2006)

Future population estimates
15.6 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2006)

Ethnic groups
Northern Chadians are mainly of Berber and Tuareg origins; the Sara, Massa, Mundani and Hakka are predominant in the south.
Source: NI World Guide

Religion
Muslims (mainly in the north) number about 50 percent, Catholics 23 percent, traditional African religions 27 percent
Source: NI World Guide

Percentage urban population

2007	26.1 percent	U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005
2006	25.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2005	25.3 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2004	24.8 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2003	24.5 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2002	24.1 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2001	23.7 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)
2000	23.4 percent	U.N. DESA (2005)

Year women granted right to vote
1958
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.

Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
No data available (2004)

Percentage of population under 15

2005	46.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	47.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	47.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	46.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	46.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	46.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Average life expectancy

2005	50.4 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	43.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	43.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	44.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	44.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	45.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - male

2005	49.0 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	42.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	42.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	43.6 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	43.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	44.5 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Life expectancy - female

2005	51.8 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	44.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	44.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	45.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	45.7 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	46.9 years	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Infant mortality

2006	124 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	124 per 1,000 live births	U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	117 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	117 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	117 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	117 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	118 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Child mortality - deaths before the age of five

2006	209 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
2005	208 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004	200 per 1,000 live births	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003	200 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	200 per 1,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Births attended by skilled personnel

1997-2005	14 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1996-2004	16 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003	16 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	16 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001	16 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000	16 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Maternal mortality

2005	1500 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2000	1100 per 100,000 live births	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006

Human development index (HDI rank)

2005	170	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	171	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	173	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	167	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	165	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	166	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)

2000-2006	37 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2008
1996-2005	37 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
1996-2004	28 percent	UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
1995-2003	28 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002	28 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2000	28 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Percentage of undernourished population

2002-2004 average	35 percent	U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006
2001-2003average	33 percent	FAO 2006

Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.

Population with access to improved water

2006	48 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	42 percent	UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002	34 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	27 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Population with access to improved sanitation

2006	9 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2008
2004	9 percent	UNICEF and WHO 2006
2002	8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000	29 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004

Literacy - average

2004	25.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	25.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	45.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	44.2 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	42.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - male

2004	40.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	40.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	54.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	53.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	51.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Literacy - female

2004	12.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	12.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002	37.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001	35.8 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000	34.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2002

Landlines telephones

2006	1 per 1,000 people	International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2007
2005	1 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2004	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2003	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2002	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2001	1 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2000	1 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007

Cellular telephone subscribers

2006	47 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2005	22 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2004	14 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2003	8 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2002	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2001	3 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2000	0.7 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007

Internet users

2006	6 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2005	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2004	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2003	4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2002	2 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2001	0.5 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007
2000	0.4 per 1,000 people	ITU 2007

Transparency International corruption ranking (1=least corrupt, 179=most corrupt)

2008	173 (joint)	Transparency International 2008
2007	172 (joint)	Transparency International 2007
2006	156 (joint)	Transparency International
2005	158 (joint)	Transparency International
2004	142 (joint)	Transparency International
2003	Not ranked
2002	Not ranked
2001	Not ranked
2000	Not ranked

Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
No (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report

International humanitarian aid flows
Access the Financial Tracking Service, a global real-time database which records all reported humanitarian aid - including that for NGOs, the Red Cross/Crescent Movement, bilateral aid, in-kind aid and private donations - searchable by country.
Source: Financial Tracking Service, ReliefWeb

Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
No data available percent

GNI per capita, Atlas method

2006	450 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	410 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	330 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	210 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	190 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	180 current US$	WorldBankDataProfileTables2008
2000	180 current US$	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country�s exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.

GDP

2006	6.5 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	5.9 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	4.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	2.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	2.0 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	1.7 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	1.4 current US$ billions	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual GDP growth

2006	0.5� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	7.9� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	33.6� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	14.7� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	8.5� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	11.7� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	-0.9� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Annual inflation

2006	9.7� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2005	23.3� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2004	10.3� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2003	-0.4� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2002	1.9� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2001	13.8� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008
2000	5.3� percent	World Bank Data Profile Tables 2008

Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
No data available

Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
No data available

Physicians

2000-2004	4 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
1990-2004	4 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003	3 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002	3 per 100,000 people	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)

2007	3.5 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2006	3.5 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2005	3.5 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2004	3.6 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008
2003	3.5 percent	U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2008

Malaria
Risk from P.falciparum throughout the year in the whole country. Resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reported.
Source: WHO

TB cases

2006	299 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2005	303 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2004	307 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2003	305 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2002	294 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2001	278 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008
2000	259 per 100,000 people	WHO 2008

Chronology of natural disasters
Access EM-DAT, a database of natural disasters from 1900 to the present - death tolls and numbers of affected people - searchable by country.
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium

Number of refugees originating here

2007	55722	UNHCR
2006	36300	Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2005	48400	UNHCR
2004	52663	UNHCR
2003	52275	UNHCR
2002	47349	UNHCR
2001	46294	UNHCR
2000	54962	UNHCR

Number of refugees residing here

2007	294017	UNHCR
2006	286743	UNHCR
2005	275412	UNHCR
2004	230652	UNHCR
2003	146400	UNHCR
2002	33455	UNHCR
2001	12950	UNHCR
2000	17692	UNHCR

Number of internally displaced people\Estimate

2008	185901	Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2008
2007	179000	IDMC 2008
2006	90000	IDMC 2006

Landmine casualties per year

2004	32	Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003	18	Landmine Monitor Report 2005

Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1998)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report 2004

Percentage of GDP spent on military

2005	1.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2004	1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003	1.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005

Percentage of GDP spent on education

2002-2005	2.1 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2002-2004	No data available percent
1999-2001	2.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000	2.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

Percentage of GDP spent on health

2004	1.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2007/2008
2003-2004	2.6 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2002	2.7 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001	2.0 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000	2.5 percent	UNDP - Human Development Report 2003

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