Turkey
BASIC FACTS
Ankara
Area size
769630 sq. km
Area comparison
Slightly larger than Norway and Sweden combined
PEOPLE
Language
Turkish is the official language. Ethnic minorities speak some 30 languages, including Kurmanji which is spoken by the Kurds.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Population
Future population estimates
104.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2006)
Ethnic groups
Most descend from Central Asian ethnic groups that began to settle in Anatolia in the 11th century. There is a large (20 percent) Kurdish minority and smaller groups of Arabs, Jews, Greeks, Georgians and Armenians.
Source: NI World Guide
Religion
Mainly Muslim (80 percent Sunni and 20 percent Shia, including the non-orthodox Alevi). There is a very small Christian minority.
Source: NI World Guide
Percentage urban population
Year women granted right to vote
1930 1934
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.
Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
87 (2005)
Source: U.N. Educational
Percentage of population under 15
Turkish is the official language. Ethnic minorities speak some 30 languages, including Kurmanji which is spoken by the Kurds.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide
Population
| 2007 | 74.8 million | U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population Division (2006) |
| 2006 | 73.9 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2005 | 73.0 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2004 | 72.0 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2003 | 71.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2002 | 70.1 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2001 | 69.2 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
| 2000 | 68.2 million | U.N. DESA (2006) |
Future population estimates
104.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2006)
Ethnic groups
Most descend from Central Asian ethnic groups that began to settle in Anatolia in the 11th century. There is a large (20 percent) Kurdish minority and smaller groups of Arabs, Jews, Greeks, Georgians and Armenians.
Source: NI World Guide
Religion
Mainly Muslim (80 percent Sunni and 20 percent Shia, including the non-orthodox Alevi). There is a very small Christian minority.
Source: NI World Guide
Percentage urban population
| 2007 | 68.2 percent | U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005 |
| 2006 | 67.8 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2005 | 67.3 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2004 | 66.8 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2003 | 66.3 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2002 | 65.8 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2001 | 65.3 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
| 2000 | 64.7 percent | U.N. DESA (2005) |
Year women granted right to vote
1930 1934
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.
Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
87 (2005)
Source: U.N. Educational
Percentage of population under 15
| 2004 | 29.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 29.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 30.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 31.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 30.0 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
USEFUL INFORMATION
Time zone
GMT +2
Climate description
Low rainfall and very cold winters. Warm to hot summers in the interior. Milder winters with warm summers in coastal areas, with the Black Sea coast a little colder in winter than on the southern and western coast. Typical Mediterranean climate in Aegean and Mediterranean coastal areas.
Currency
Lira
Telephone dialling code
(+) 90
Driving (left/right)
Right
GMT +2
Climate description
Low rainfall and very cold winters. Warm to hot summers in the interior. Milder winters with warm summers in coastal areas, with the Black Sea coast a little colder in winter than on the southern and western coast. Typical Mediterranean climate in Aegean and Mediterranean coastal areas.
Currency
Lira
Telephone dialling code
(+) 90
Driving (left/right)
Right
STANDARD OF LIVING
Average life expectancy
Life expectancy - male
Life expectancy - female
Infant mortality
Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
Births attended by skilled personnel
Maternal mortality
70 per 100,000 live births (2000)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
Human development index (HDI rank)
Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
Percentage of undernourished population
Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
Population with access to improved sanitation
Literacy - average
Literacy - male
Literacy - female
Landlines telephones
Cellular telephone subscribers
Internet users
Transparency International corruption ranking (1=least corrupt, 145=most corrupt)
Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
| 2004 | 68.9 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 68.7 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 70.4 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 70.1 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 69.8 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Life expectancy - male
| 2004 | 66.6 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 66.5 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 67.9 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 67.6 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 67.3 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Life expectancy - female
| 2004 | 71.3 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 71.1 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 73.1 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 72.8 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 72.4 years | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Infant mortality
| 2005 | 26 per 1,000 live births | U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 2004 | 28 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 2003 | 33 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 36 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 36 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 38 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
| 2005 | 29 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 2004 | 32 per 1,000 live births | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 2003 | 39 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 42 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 43 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 45 per 1,000 live births | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Births attended by skilled personnel
| 1996-2004 | 83 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1995-2003 | 81 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1995-2002 | 81 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1995-2001 | 81 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 1995-2000 | 81 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Maternal mortality
70 per 100,000 live births (2000)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
Human development index (HDI rank)
Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
| 1996-2005 | 4 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007 |
| 1996-2004 | 4 percent | UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006 |
| 1995-2003 | 8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1995-2002 | 8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1995-2001 | 8 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 1995-2000 | No data available percent |
Percentage of undernourished population
| 2002-2004 average | 3 percent | U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 2006 |
| 2001-2003average | 3 percent | FAO 2006 |
| 1998-2000average | No data available percent |
Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
| 2004 | 96 percent | UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006 |
| 2002 | 93 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2000 | 82 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
Population with access to improved sanitation
| 2004 | 88 percent | UNICEF and WHO 2006 |
| 2002 | 83 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2000 | 90 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
Literacy - average
| 2004 | 87.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 88.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 86.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 85.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 85.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Literacy - male
| 2004 | 95.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 95.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 94.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 93.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 93.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Literacy - female
| 2004 | 79.6 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 81.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 78.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 77.2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 76.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Landlines telephones
| 2005 | 259 per 1,000 people | International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2006 |
| 2004 | 265 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2003 | 266 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2002 | 269 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2001 | 273 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2000 | 270 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
Cellular telephone subscribers
| 2005 | 596 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2004 | 481 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2003 | 391 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2002 | 332 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2001 | 283 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2000 | 236 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
Internet users
| 2005 | 219 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2004 | 142 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2003 | 84 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2002 | 61 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2001 | 51 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
| 2000 | 37 per 1,000 people | ITU 2006 |
Transparency International corruption ranking (1=least corrupt, 145=most corrupt)
| 2006 | 60 | Transparency International |
| 2005 | 65 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2004 | 77 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2003 | 77 | Transparency International |
| 2002 | 64 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2001 | 54 (joint) | Transparency International |
| 2000 | 50 | Transparency International |
Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
ECONOMY & AID
International humanitarian aid flows
Access the Financial Tracking Service, a global real-time database which records all reported humanitarian aid - including that for NGOs, the Red Cross/Crescent Movement, bilateral aid, in-kind aid and private donations - searchable by country.
Source: Financial Tracking Service, ReliefWeb
Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
GNI per capita, Atlas method
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country’s exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
Annual GDP growth
Annual inflation
Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.0 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
34.1 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
| 1990-2004 | 3.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1990-2003 | <2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1990-2002 | <2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1990-2001 | <2 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
GNI per capita, Atlas method
| 2005 | 4750 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2004 | 3780 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2003 | 2800 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2002 | 2510 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2001 | 2420 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2000 | 2980 current US$ | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor for any year is the average of a country’s exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
| 2005 | 362.5 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2004 | 302.8 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006 |
| 2003 | 240.4 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2002 | 183.9 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006 |
| 2001 | 145.2 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006 |
| 2000 | 199.3 current US$ billions | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
Annual GDP growth
| 2005 | 7.4 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2004 | 8.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2003 | 5.8 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2002 | 7.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2001 | -7.5 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2000 | 7.4 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
Annual inflation
| 2005 | 5.4 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2004 | 9.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2003 | 22.5 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2002 | 44.1 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2001 | 54.8 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
| 2000 | 49.9 percent | World Bank Data Profile Tables 2007 |
Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
2.0 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
34.1 (latest available year)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
HEALTH
Physicians
Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
No data available percent
Malaria
Risk from P.vivax from May to October in the south-eastern part of the country and in Amikova and Cukurova Plain. There is no malaria risk in the main tourist areas in the west and south-west of the country.
Source: WHO
TB cases
| 1990-2004 | 135 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 1990-2003 | 123 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1990-2002 | 127 per 100,000 people | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
No data available percent
Malaria
Risk from P.vivax from May to October in the south-eastern part of the country and in Amikova and Cukurova Plain. There is no malaria risk in the main tourist areas in the west and south-west of the country.
Source: WHO
TB cases
| 2005 | 29 per 100,000 people | WHO 2007 |
| 2004 | 28 per 100,000 people | 28 |
| 2003 | 28 per 100,000 people | WHO 2006 |
| 2002 | 28 per 100,000 people | WHO 2007 |
| 2001 | 29 per 100,000 people | WHO 2006 |
| 2000 | 31 per 100,000 people | WHO 2006 |
DISASTERS, CONFLICT & MIGRATION
Chronology of natural disasters
Access EM-DAT, a database of natural disasters from 1900 to the present - death tolls and numbers of affected people - searchable by country.
Source: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium
Number of refugees originating here
Number of refugees residing here
Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
Landmine casualties per year
Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (2003)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report
Percentage of GDP spent on military
Percentage of GDP spent on education
Percentage of GDP spent on health
| 2005 | 170131 | Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) |
| 2004 | 174574 | UNHCR |
| 2003 | 185687 | UNHCR |
| 2002 | 193704 | UNHCR |
| 2001 | 47090 | UNHCR |
| 2000 | 47155 | UNHCR |
Number of refugees residing here
| 2006 | 2633 | UNHCR |
| 2005 | 2399 | UNHCR |
| 2004 | 3033 | UNHCR |
| 2003 | 2490 | UNHCR |
| 2002 | 3301 | UNHCR |
| 2001 | 3472 | UNHCR |
| 2000 | 3103 | UNHCR |
Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
| 2006 | 953000 - 1200000 | Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) 2006 | |
| 2005 | 355807 - more than 1000000 | IDMC 2006 | |
Landmine casualties per year
| 2004 | At least 184 | Landmine Monitor Report 2005 |
| 2003 | At least 67 | Landmine Monitor Report 2004 |
Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (2003)
Source: Landmine Monitor Report
Percentage of GDP spent on military
| 2004 | 3.1 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2003 | 4.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2002 | 4.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 2001 | 4.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
| 2000 | 4.9 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2002 |
Percentage of GDP spent on education
| 2002-2004 | 3.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2000-2002 | 3.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 1999-2001 | 3.7 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2004 |
| 1998-2000 | 3.5 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
Percentage of GDP spent on health
| 2003-2004 | 5.4 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2006 |
| 2002 | 4.3 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2005 |
| 2001 | No data available percent | |
| 2000 | 3.6 percent | UNDP - Human Development Report 2003 |
AlertNet makes every effort to ensure statistics are updated from the relevant sources as soon as they are available.
