Alzheimer gene kicks in only in old age - study
Source: Reuters
HONG KONG, Jan 8 (Reuters) - A gene that predisposes its carriers to Alzheimer's disease appears to kick in only in old age and has nothing to do with mental declines that are sometimes seen early in life, Australian researchers have found. Writing in the January issue of Neuropsychology, the researchers said the gene, APOE4, does not appear active at all until very late in life. They evaluated the cognitive powers of 6,560 people regularly over the last 20 years, testing their memory, mental speed, reaction time and reading vocabulary -- functions that are normally affected by Alzheimer's. Twenty-seven percent of the participants were APOE4 carriers but the researchers could find nothing differentiating them from non-carriers. The subjects, living in Canberra and neighbouring Queanbeyan, were between 20 and 64 years old. "Performance on all tests declined across age groups, a sign of normal cognitive ageing. However, APOE4 did not affect performance at any age," they wrote. Lead researcher Anthony Jorm at the University of Melbourne's psychiatry department said people begin to lose cognitive functions as early as in their 20s. This applied to both carriers and non-carriers of the APOE4. "The memory changes that occur from 20 to 60 do not seem to be connected to that (APOE4) at all. I don't know what they are associated with but other brain processes must be involved," Jorm told Reuters in a telephone interview. "Carriers show the same declines as non-carriers ... People with APOE4 are no more likely to have that early on than the people without. It is much later in their life spans that that effect begins to kick in." He stressed however that drastic declines -- which happen over a year or two and affect the quality of life -- were very rare in both carriers and non-carriers. Clear signs of Alzheimer's usually begin to show when a victim is in their 80s. While many researchers agree that APOE4 seems to be the predominant risk factor for Alzheimer's, it is not entirely clear how it causes the debilitating disease. "It may have a role in repair of nerve cells. When there is nerve damage, people with APOE4 version seem less able to repair and less resistant to a whole lot of diseases or damage to the brain," Jorm said.
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