Dec 4 (Reuters) - Nearly 190 nations are meeting in Poland as part of U.N. talks to hammer out a broader pact to fight global warming.

Asia is a crucial part of the negotiations, representing half of humanity and a large and rapidly growing share of the greenhouse gas pollution blamed for warming the planet.

Following are what the five main players in Asia want from the U.N.-led talks on a more ambitious pact to replace the Kyoto Protocol from 2013. (For stories on the Poland talks, click on [ID:nL3732521]

CHINA

China is under huge pressure from rich nations to rein in emissions that have already made it the world's top producer of greenhouse gasses, but Beijing says economic growth is still top priority for the developing nation.

It argues that per-person emissions and cumulative historic output are far below those of rich countries.

China's leaders say industrialised nations must transfer green technology to poorer nations if they want them to curb emissions and has urged rich nations to commit one percent of their economic worth to help poor nations fight global warming.

Beijing cites its high-profile drive to boost renewable and nuclear energy, and a pledge to cut the amount of energy used to generate each dollar of national income as significant contributions to the global effort to rein in emissions.

INDIA

With a billion people, India is widely believed to have passed Russia as the no. 3 greenhouse gas emitter, though its per-capita emissions are a tenth of those in the United States.

India says its emissions will never exceed those of developed nations but believes in an equitable sharing of the atmosphere.

It says industrialised nations have a historic responsibility for the bulk of the greenhouse pollution and should curb their own emissions first and help the developing world clean up their economies without harming development.

It wants the developed world to contribute the equivalent of 0.5 percent of total GDP annually to pay for the costs of adaptation and mitigation. It has also called for the creation of a venture capital fund for emerging green energy technologies.

The government also wants rich nations to agree to mid-term emissions cuts of more than 25-40 percent by 2020 from 1990 levels, excluding lifestyle changes.

AUSTRALIA

On Dec. 15, the world's top coal exporter plans to announce the framework of a sweeping national emissions trading scheme and emissions reduction targets for 2020.

The government has already pledged to cut emissions by 60 percent by 2050 from 2000 levels and believes wealthy states should adopt mid-term goals as well.

Australia is also a strong backer of a U.N. scheme that aims to save rainforests in developing nations in return for tradeable carbon credits. The global scheme, called Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD), could be worth tens of billions of dollars a year in extra funding for developing nations. (For related factbox, click on [ID:nSP62869])

The government has called on all developed countries to adopt economy-wide targets as part of a post-2012 outcome.

It also wants advanced economies, such as Singapore, Malta and South Korea, currently not bound by emissions curbs under Kyoto's 2008-12 first phase, to play a greater role in fighting climate change post-2012.

JAPAN

The world's no. 5 emitter is far above its Kyoto target to cut emissions and is relying on voluntary emissions trading, forestry and buying carbon offsets to meet its obligations.

Japan aims to build a consensus on halving world emissions by 2050, agreed by G8 leaders at their summit in Japan this year but will not set mid-term targets until next year.

Japan has called for developing nations to agree on mid-term targets, albeit less strict ones than rich nations, based on industrial sectors and emissions per unit of GDP.

INDONESIA

Jakarta is facing demands to curb deforestation and prevent the release of vast amounts of CO2 from burning and clearing forest land.

Along with Australia, the country backs REDD and has drafted what is believed to be the world's first rules governing the scheme, which it hopes will earn the government and local communities the cash needed to protect and preserve forests.

Indonesia also wants substantial financial support for adaptation to climate change as well as the transfer and funding for clean energy technology to reform its economy. (Writing by David Fogarty, Emma Graham-Harrison, Isabel Reynolds; Editing by Valerie Lee)

AlertNet news is provided by