BOSSASO, Somalia, August 30 – Some 3,000 Ethiopians have gathered in the dusty northern Somalia port of Bossaso, joining Somalis preparing to make the risky trip to Yemen across the Gulf of Aden when the annual sailing season resumes.

The bad weather that kept smugglers' boats ashore in July and August is coming to an end and the people traffic is expected to begin in earnest in the next few days. Those making the journey risk everything; at least 367 people died during the crossing during the first six months of this year.

UNHCR fears that this season will be as bad. "With insecurity on the rise in Mogadishu and tensions increasing in the Ethiopian Ogaden [region neighbouring Somalia], many more people might arrive in Bossaso," Guillermo Bettocchi, UNHCR's representative for Somalia, said during a visit here last week.

"Some humanitarian workers even report having seen a few Kenyans, Eritreans, Ugandans and Tanzanians in Bossaso, which means the town might become a hub for East Africans wishing to cross towards the Gulf countries," warned Bettochi, who described the mixed migration of Ethiopians and Somalis as a "deep human tragedy."

Bettochi was in Bossaso to help launch a multi-agency action plan aimed at saving lives, providing basic services to vulnerable migrants and identifying those who have protection needs, including asylum seekers, unaccompanied minors and victims of human trafficking.

An advocacy campaign is also being launched here to warn people about the risks of crossing the Gulf of Aden and to stress that migrants have rights and should not be deported or returned to other areas of Somalia indiscriminately. It will also explain asylum procedures and who is eligible to pursue them.

"I reckon that about 10 percent of the Ethiopians in Bossaso fled their country for refugee-related reasons," said Bettocchi. "The advocacy campaign will make sure they know that they don't need to cross the sea because they can claim asylum in Somalia and receive assistance from UNHCR in Puntland once they have been recognized as refugees."

The Ethiopians are easy to spot in run-down Bossaso, capital of the self-proclaimed Puntland. Many have sought shelter in a ruined building next to the harbour – it costs nothing, but they have to spend some of their precious reserves to use the latrines.

The difficult living conditions and scorching heat further weaken men and women who have travelled more than 1,600 kilometres from grinding poverty back home to reach Bossaso. But they remain determined to cross the Gulf of Aden, either hoping to find jobs on the other side or shelter from persecution.

Zahara and her brother Zarai have already made one attempt, but the boat broke down and the young Ethiopians were not refunded. "Now we look for small jobs and we sleep on the street because we want to save as much as possible for the crossing," she said, adding that she was aware of the risks "but I want a better life."

Making money to pay for the crossing is not easy here, but some find work as labourers in the port or as domestics or shepherds. It costs about US$50 per person for a voyage that normally takes two days.

Somalis account for half of the migrant flow and most have fled conflict in southern and central parts of the country, including the capital Mogadishu. Ali, a 25-year-old student from Mogadishu, said he faced danger and an uncertain future in Somalia.

"I need to build my future," he said, adding: "As long as Mogadishu is not peaceful, my future is in Saudi Arabia, where I can have a job and live without fearing for my life."

A Somali humanitarian worker in Bossaso explained that many migrants are persuaded by middlemen to head to Bossaso, where the smugglers take over. "Smugglers are businessmen who compete with one another," he explained. "They are so eager to attract new customers that some have even disseminated videotapes in Bossaso to advertise life in Saudi Arabia in the teashops where Ethiopians gather."

The aid worker said he tried in vain to tell people that the promises were hollow and to warn them about the deadly risks they faced. "Once the migrant is stranded with 300 others on a small boat and beaten by a crew of four or five men high on drugs and holding guns, he discovers the true face of the smugglers, but it is too late," he said. "For smugglers, migrants are just merchandise."

The local authorities in Bossaso, which is surrounded by shantytowns built by displaced Somalis, cannot cope alone with the arrival of so many destitute people. Many Ethiopians, having been robbed of all of their money, resort to begging in the streets of the impoverished city.

The action plan launched last week aims to help the authorities. Aside from UNHCR, participants include the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the World Food Programme (WFP), the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the Danish Refugee Council and the Norwegian Refugee Council.

The plan aims to provide migrants with access to services such as water, sanitation and primary health care. Those found to be in need of special protection will be directed towards relevant UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.

By Catherine Weibel
In Bossaso, Somalia

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